Apush Period 6 Practice Test

APUSH Period 6 Practice Test: A Comprehensive Guide to Mastering the Gilded Age and Progressive Era (1865-1917)

This comprehensive guide provides a thorough review of APUSH Period 6 (1865-1917), covering key concepts, significant events, and influential figures. We'll delve into the complexities of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, equipping you with the knowledge and strategies necessary to ace your APUSH Period 6 practice test. This period encompasses significant transformations in American society, economics, and politics, making it a crucial section of the AP US History exam. Mastering this period will significantly improve your overall APUSH score.

I. Introduction: Setting the Stage for the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

Period 6 in AP US History marks a pivotal transition in American history. Following the Civil War and Reconstruction, the nation experienced unprecedented industrial growth, urbanization, and immigration. This era, often referred to as the Gilded Age, is characterized by immense wealth accumulation alongside widespread poverty and social inequality. The term "gilded," meaning covered with a thin layer of gold, aptly describes the superficial prosperity that masked deep social problems. The later part of this period saw the rise of Progressivism, a reform movement aimed at addressing these very issues.

II. Key Themes of APUSH Period 6:

Several key themes dominate APUSH Period 6 and frequently appear on practice tests. Understanding these themes is crucial for success:

• Industrialization and its consequences: This includes the rise of big business, the impact of technological innovations (like the Bessemer process and the railroad), the growth of monopolies and trusts, and the resulting social and economic inequalities. Think about the impact on labor, the environment, and the rise of new economic theories.
• Urbanization and immigration: The rapid growth of cities led to overcrowding, sanitation problems, and the rise of new ethnic enclaves. The influx of immigrants, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe, significantly altered the American cultural landscape and led to both opportunities and challenges.
• Political and social reform: The Progressive Era witnessed a surge in reform movements aimed at addressing issues such as corruption, monopolies, and social injustice. This includes movements for women's suffrage, labor rights, and environmental protection. Key figures like Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Jane Addams played critical roles.
• Westward Expansion and its impact on Native Americans: The continued westward expansion had devastating consequences for Native American populations, leading to displacement, conflict, and the erosion of traditional ways of life. The Dawes Act and other government policies played a significant role in this process.
• Foreign policy and imperialism: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the United States emerge as a global power, engaging in imperialism and intervention in Latin America and the Pacific. The Spanish-American War and the acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico and the Philippines are significant events within this context.

III. Key Figures in APUSH Period 6:

Understanding the roles of key figures is essential for navigating APUSH Period 6. Here are some of the most important:

• Andrew Carnegie: A prominent industrialist and philanthropist associated with the steel industry. His ideas on philanthropy and wealth distribution are important.
• John D. Rockefeller: Founder of Standard Oil, a powerful monopoly that dominated the oil industry.
• J.P. Morgan: A powerful financier who consolidated industries and played a significant role in the economy.
• Cornelius Vanderbilt: A railroad tycoon who controlled a vast network of railroads.
• Theodore Roosevelt: A progressive president who championed trust-busting, conservation, and the expansion of the power of the presidency.
• Woodrow Wilson: Another progressive president who oversaw major reforms, including the creation of the Federal Reserve System.
• Jane Addams: A social reformer and founder of Hull House, a settlement house that provided assistance to the poor.
• W.E.B. Du Bois: A prominent African American scholar and activist who advocated for racial equality and challenged prevailing racial ideologies.
• Booker T. Washington: Another influential African American leader who adopted a more pragmatic approach to racial progress.

IV. Significant Events in APUSH Period 6:

The following events are crucial for a solid understanding of the period:

• The Compromise of 1877: Effectively ended Reconstruction.
• The Industrial Revolution: Transformed the American economy and society.
• The rise of monopolies and trusts: Led to increased government regulation.
• The Great Railroad Strike of 1877: Demonstrated the growing power of labor unions.
• The Haymarket Affair: A pivotal moment in the history of labor movements.
• The Pullman Strike: Another significant labor conflict.
• The Spanish-American War: Marked the emergence of the United States as a world power.
• The Progressive Era reforms: Addressed social and economic inequalities.
• The creation of the Federal Reserve System: Established a central banking system.
• The 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments: Significant constitutional changes reflecting the Progressive Era.

V. Practice Questions and Strategies:

To effectively prepare for your APUSH Period 6 practice test, engage in active recall and practice various question types:

• Multiple Choice Questions: Focus on identifying key terms, figures, events, and their relationships. Pay close attention to the wording of the questions and eliminate incorrect answers.
• Short Answer Questions: Practice concisely answering questions using specific evidence and historical context. Organize your responses clearly and highlight key details.
• Essay Questions: Develop strong thesis statements that directly address the prompt. Use specific evidence, analyze causes and consequences, and contextualize events within the broader historical narrative. Practice writing clear and coherent essays within the given time constraints.

VI. Sample Practice Questions:

Here are a few sample questions to test your understanding:

1. Multiple Choice: The term "Gilded Age" refers to: a) A period of widespread social equality b) A period of rapid industrial growth and social inequality c) A period of declining industrial production d) A period of widespread political corruption in Europe

2. Short Answer: Briefly explain the significance of the Bessemer process in the late 19th century.

3. Essay: Analyze the causes and consequences of the Progressive Era reforms. In your essay, discuss the successes and limitations of these reforms.

VII. Explanation and Answers to Sample Questions:

1. Answer: b) The Gilded Age was characterized by a façade of prosperity hiding significant social and economic disparities.

2. Short Answer Answer: The Bessemer process was a revolutionary method for producing steel, significantly reducing its cost and making it more readily available. This fueled the expansion of railroads, skyscrapers, and other industries.

3. Essay Answer: (This requires a detailed essay discussing the various progressive reforms, their motives, impact, limitations, and legacy). You should cover topics like women's suffrage, trust-busting, conservation, and social justice movements. Discuss successes (e.g., the 19th amendment granting women's suffrage) and limitations (e.g., the continued existence of racial inequality). A strong essay will demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the era and its complexities.

VIII. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ):

• Q: How much emphasis should I place on memorization for APUSH Period 6?

  • A: While memorization of key events and figures is helpful, it is more important to understand the underlying themes, causes, and consequences. Focus on building a strong conceptual framework rather than rote memorization.

• Q: How can I improve my essay-writing skills for APUSH?

  • A: Practice writing essays regularly, focusing on clear thesis statements, strong evidence, and well-organized paragraphs. Get feedback on your essays to identify areas for improvement.

• Q: What are some good resources for studying APUSH Period 6 beyond this guide?

  • A: Consult your textbook, review materials provided by your teacher, and explore reputable online resources.

IX. Conclusion: Mastering APUSH Period 6 for Success

Successfully navigating APUSH Period 6 requires a thorough understanding of the key themes, figures, and events. By focusing on the broader historical context, analyzing causes and consequences, and developing strong essay-writing skills, you can build a solid foundation for success on your APUSH practice test and the AP exam itself. Remember, consistent effort and a strategic approach to studying will significantly improve your chances of achieving a high score. Good luck!